Thursday, April 30, 2020

Sentimental Repetition: I Love You Forever




I Love You Forever by Robert Munch is a beloved children’s book published in 1986. The story came to Munch by way of the lullaby that is repeated throughout the story:
I’ll love you forever
            I’ll like you for always
            As long as I’m living
            My baby you’ll be.
Munch used to sing this lullaby to himself after he and his wife had two stillborn babies. According to this interview with Munch, this story emerged quickly as he was performing the lullaby in front of an audience. His publisher refused to publish the story that he wrote because it was too dark for children’s literature, but his distributor decided it was a story worth sharing. This 34-year-old book goes beyond children’s literature and captures the hearts of people of all ages.  But why? It’s interesting why this book reaches an audience beyond the intended one. It’s more than adult children feeling nostalgic. In the same interview, Munch has a hunch as to why. “The book is kind of an ideal, the way we hope things will happen,” he said in the same interview, “ It's the only one of my books that escaped being a children's book." 
“The book is kind of an ideal.” This story is about a mother caring for her growing boy and the love she shows him until the very end. The story speaks about unconditional love, even through difficult teen years and after moving away. So, yes, the content of the story itself is an ideal we all hope to have in our lifetime. But, I think Munch portrays this in an interesting way that can even prompt adults to tear up. And I think it is because of his use of repetition as his main rhetorical device.
Repetition as a rhetorical device is commonly found in children’s literature, along with other devices such as metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, alliteration, and onomatopoeia, according to this article. Repetition, according to Susan R. Gannon’s article, repetition creates suspense, rhythm, and gratification for young children in literature, but it also “is also a powerful means of generating meaning in fiction.” This meaning, I would argue, has something to do with a parent’s love for their child; something that impacts every human. The rhetorical use of repetition paints this love as unconditional love as well, which, like Munch notes, is an ideal that we all strive to have and give.
This story is told rather point-blank. The language is simple, the reading level sits just above an 8th-grade level (but with creative works, we know that’s not always an accurate statistic to look at), and many of the phrases are repeated. The frequent repetition creates not just a rhythm to keep the reader or listener interested, but the anaphora and epistrophe tell the story of growing up and of a mother’s love for her son. The mother’s actions are repeated throughout the story, despite the fact that her son is growing into an adult. The recurrent actions of the mother create a sentimental tone. It is through the repetition of specific words and phrases that Munch successfully portrays what it feels like to watch your child grow up and to love (and be loved) unconditionally. It’s in writing about this ideal that Munch was able to reach an audience beyond children.
One phrase that is repeated throughout the book is “He grew. He grew and he grew and he grew. He grew…” This phrase is used at the beginning of every age jump of the son in the story. The little boy jumps from being a newborn to age 2, then to 9, then to his teenage years, then into adulthood. These age gaps get wider and more ambiguous as the pages go on, but the phrase stays the same. I think the repetition of these words shows just how quickly the years go when raising a child. Your newborn turns into a two-year-old a few words later. Then your two-year-old turns into a nine-year-old a few words later. And it continues. But, despite how quickly time seems to be moving in the story, the mom is still present in her son’s life, even into his adulthood.
Her presence is shown through the other instance of anaphora in this book. The mother of the story is seen rocking her son “back and forth, back and forth, back and forth” repeatedly through the years. This specific phrase is found every time the mother sneaks into her son’s room to rock him to sleep. This phrase is more than an action. It repeatedly paints the image of the mother holding her son in the different stages of his life (even if it becomes a bit ridiculous when he’s an adult). It shows the steadfast presence of the mother in the son’s life, holding and supporting him no matter what. Every night, even if the boy was being mischievous or even if he lives across town, the mother was with the boy to tell him she loved him. This, I think, is an ideal we all yearn for: for someone to love us like that, or to love someone like that.
At the end of the story, the roles reverse as the old mother lays in her son’s arms. Instead of the mother rocking him back and forth, it is the son rocking his mother back and forth and sings to her as she passes away. In the story, the words “back and forth” are still repeated during this moment. This simple phrase of “back and forth” shows the impact of the mother’s presence in her son’s life affected him. The phrase is also repeated when the son goes into his daughter’s room to sing her to sleep. The repetition in the new contexts with the boy continues to show the idea of the steadfast presence of the mother in his life, even beyond death. 
Another use of repetition, and the most significant one, is the epistrophe of the lullaby. It is repeated throughout the book at the end of the pages when the boy is asleep. Munch mentioned on his website that the whole idea for the book stemmed from this lullaby he created. Themes of love and growth are found in this short lullaby. As with the rocking back and forth, the repetition of this lullaby throughout the pages shows the steadfastness of the mother. The rocking back and forth showed the mother’s presence in the boy’s life, but it goes beyond that. The repetition of the lullaby shows the constant presence of the mother’s love in the boy’s life as well. The rocking and the lullaby are always repeated together. Again, at the end of the book, when the mother is laying in her son’s arms, he finally sings the song to her. When she passes away, he rocks his daughter and sings her the same song his mother sang to him. This repetition shows that love can stretch beyond generations and is passed down.
Sentimentality is created when something in our lives that we enjoy or love repeats itself. Whether it’s a movie we enjoyed watching again and again or a certain type of bird that keeps popping up to remind us of the loved one we lost, sentimentality occurs when something continues to return that reminds us of something significant. If I Love You Forever didn’t repeat the phrases and the lullaby, what effect would it have on the reader? If the son didn’t repeat the same song at the end of the book, what effect would it have on the reader? The story wouldn’t be the same, and it wouldn’t have the rhythm and consistency we strive to have.
When I think back to the books I was read as a child, I think a lot about There’s a Wocket in My Pocket by Dr. Suess, or Don’t Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus. I think one main goal of most children’s books is to get the child’s imagination running. To try to get the child to believe there’s a world where weird, mostly-friendly creatures live in the nooks of our houses, or worlds where pigeons can cause human mischief. I think the goal of I Love You Forever is quite the opposite of that. I think the goal of this book is trying to get children to look at those loved ones around them, to appreciate them, and to love them back unconditionally. Instead of trying to get us to look beyond this tactile world, it’s trying to get us to take a step back and look at our world. It’s reminding us to love until the very end. A reminder we all, big or small, need over and over again.


Emily Rux

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